Electronic Reporting

 Broadcast journalism tends to have a more immediate feel than does print journalism, reporting things that are happening now rather than that happened earlier.  

Harcup

The term electronic reporting refers to collect news for broadcast media. Radios, FM and televisions are in the categories of broadcast media. But now a day online televisions are also have been running.

We should understand about the term 'broadcast' in pronunciation of electronic reporting. Messages transmit with the help of technologies through air to audience in broadcast media. We can say electronic reporting is radio reporting and television reporting. Radio reporting concern with audio only, while television reporting concern with audio and visual.

The editor leads to print media but news chief leads to electronic media for news section. In electronic media, news is significant part as well as entertainment part is also significant as parallel part of the media. The director or station manager leads to whole part of a broadcast media.Identity or advantage of broadcast media is transmitting message to audience immediately. Print media has significant role itself, but it can't compete with broadcast media in transmitting of message immediately. Significance of electronic media is growing day by day due to expansion of technologies.

Words, sentences, music, other sounds and silences are important for the journalists who are working in radio. The messages of radio reach to audience in reasonable cost than other media. Television journalism has power to broadcast after catching audio and visual with using of camera. Studio cameras, outside broadcast cameras (OB), film cameras are used in television journalism. Visuals and audios are taken with the help of these cameras. In these tasks actively collaboration between reporter and camera person is needed.  Now a day an individual collects news with using camera his/herself.

Radio reporters go to news collection with recording devices. He/she reach to reporting field or subject matter by carrying recorder with him/her while television reporters reach to reporting field with camera person or alone with camera to take audio and visual.Pages have been separated to suitable subject matter in print media, but broadcast media do not have pages. The condition of broadcast in electronic media is called news bulletin or newscast.  

A news bulletin has space of 10 to 20 minutes. The reporters of broadcast media have to provide news to their affiliated media according to the time of news bulletin. 

Communication and Journalism Class XII

Unit I

News Editing:

Quality of a sub editor, steps in copy reading tips on headline writing, planning a house journal/school magazing, elements of make up, tips to make up editors, Editor's job, editorial, news designer comments, News editing for print and electronic media.

Unit II

Photo Journalism:

Introduction of Photo journalism.
Handling a camera.
Use of pictures, tips for better pictures, preparing photos for photography and news photography.


Unit III

Specialized Reporting

Truth, accuracy and objectivity in reporting about events and issues, interviews and press conferences, specialized reporting – investigative, sports, crime, development and court reporting.

Unit IV

Broadcast Journalism:

The era of broadcasting.
Natures of radio and TV journalism.
Reporting on broadcast media, Editing news copy for radio and television.
News bulletin, preparing materials to be broadcasted, Introduction to online journalism.


Unit V

Press and Laws

Standards and ethics in journalism, Press Freedom and responsibility, Codes of Conduct, Press laws and regulations in Nepal, law on libel and obscenities.


Unit VI

Practical

Details of the practical works:

1. Reporting assignment on social issues. Each student should submit five items including completion of reporting assignments.
2. Production of 2 news stories each on environment, court, human rights and minorities.
3. Presentation of magazine file based on classroom assignments: News clipping of human-interest stories in the lab copy from the national newspapers – 5 items
And three news items of classroom assignment must be pasted in the lab copy.
4. Production of a wall newspaper.

Communication and Journalism Class XI

Unit I

Introduction of mass communication:

1. Definition of mass communication, elements of communication, mass media and communication
2. Communication information: key feature, information process, information life cycle
3. Mass Communication, scope and functions
4. Types of media: Print, electronic and film
5. Brief historical development of world press with emphasis on history of mass media in Nepal.


Unit II

The Concept of News:

1. Introduction to reporting
2. Source of News
3. Writing reports and news stories
4. Quality of a reporter


Unit III

News Reporting

1. Introduction to news reporting
2. News and its basic ingredients
3. Headlines
4. The news structure
5. The art of Sub-editing
6. Rewriting of news
7. Page making and lay –out

Unit IV

Freedom of Press and Human Rights:

1. Introduction to press theory
2. Definition of Freedom of Press
3. General concept of Human Rights
4. Concepts of Fundamental Rights, UN provision and Provision of the Constitution of Nepal.

Unit V

Practical:

1. Knowledge of Computer and its use in mass media: preparation of profile of places and personalities.
2. Reporting assignment on social issues: at least five news-beats.
3. Production of a news story: at least one each from accident crime and events using computer.