Electronic Reporting

 Broadcast journalism tends to have a more immediate feel than does print journalism, reporting things that are happening now rather than that happened earlier.  

Harcup

The term electronic reporting refers to collect news for broadcast media. Radios, FM and televisions are in the categories of broadcast media. But now a day online televisions are also have been running.

We should understand about the term 'broadcast' in pronunciation of electronic reporting. Messages transmit with the help of technologies through air to audience in broadcast media. We can say electronic reporting is radio reporting and television reporting. Radio reporting concern with audio only, while television reporting concern with audio and visual.

The editor leads to print media but news chief leads to electronic media for news section. In electronic media, news is significant part as well as entertainment part is also significant as parallel part of the media. The director or station manager leads to whole part of a broadcast media.Identity or advantage of broadcast media is transmitting message to audience immediately. Print media has significant role itself, but it can't compete with broadcast media in transmitting of message immediately. Significance of electronic media is growing day by day due to expansion of technologies.

Words, sentences, music, other sounds and silences are important for the journalists who are working in radio. The messages of radio reach to audience in reasonable cost than other media. Television journalism has power to broadcast after catching audio and visual with using of camera. Studio cameras, outside broadcast cameras (OB), film cameras are used in television journalism. Visuals and audios are taken with the help of these cameras. In these tasks actively collaboration between reporter and camera person is needed.  Now a day an individual collects news with using camera his/herself.

Radio reporters go to news collection with recording devices. He/she reach to reporting field or subject matter by carrying recorder with him/her while television reporters reach to reporting field with camera person or alone with camera to take audio and visual.Pages have been separated to suitable subject matter in print media, but broadcast media do not have pages. The condition of broadcast in electronic media is called news bulletin or newscast.  

A news bulletin has space of 10 to 20 minutes. The reporters of broadcast media have to provide news to their affiliated media according to the time of news bulletin. 

Broadcast Editing

The field of broadcast journalism is comprehensive. It has an effect on national and international level from its site. So concerning part of different type of audience is very important in editing news content of broadcast media. They should spend their long time for editing to the content. If the disseminated content makes the audience dissatisfied they will turn another channel. Every news bulletin has their targeted audience. Thus news editor of broadcast media should have understanding about psychology of audience. Through different source, national and international agency and staff reporters have gathered new in broadcast media. Sometime the news, which is gathered from another radio and television have to make base for broadcast. Usually broadcast media take news from international station in the cost of international news. Such as press release, faxes, messages from telephone are also base or source of news. The news, which come from different source may edit or rewrite. Usually the news which comes from agency has been written for print media should modify to oral language. Some news may be long, it should make short and suitable by editing. The professional communicators of broadcast media should have understanding about standardizing of words counting of news, which should be in 80 to 100 words. Carefully copy editing of news is highly required in electronic editing. After copy editing, editor must decide the news is suitable or not for broadcasting. Taking part of main theme or quote of the news should be logical. At the same time, news may gather from different part of world. In this situation, editor should have decision power for selection and determine the space of important and necessary news for immediate bulletin. If the duration of tape or film is 3 minutes the editor may reduce it in 1 minute. All of this task should have done in deadline. The content may not be repeated. In the electronic broadcasting, the editor should edit the matter, which is written in paper should be matching with audio and visual.

Telematic Media

The Internet refers to what is sometimes called telematic media telematic because they combine telecommunications and informatics. The telematic media have been heralded as the key component in the latest communication revolution that will replace broadcast television, as we know it. The Internet is a multifaceted mass medium, that is, it contains many different configurations of communication. Its varied forms show the connection between the interpersonal and mass communication (Morris, Organ, 1996). Since the 1970s this new media have been widely taken up as a mass media (MacQuail, D., 1997). Several kinds of technology are involved: of transmission (by cable or satellite); of miniaturization; of storage and retrieval; of display (using flexible combinations of text and graphics); and of control (by computer). The main features by contrast with the ´old media´ as described, are: decentralization –supply and choice are no longer predominantly in the hands of the supplier of communication; high capacity – cable or satellite delivery overcomes the former restrictions of cost, distance and capacity; interactivity –the receiver can select, answer back, exchange and be linked to other receivers directly; and flexibility of form, content and use.

Not only does this new media facilitate the distribution of existing radio and television it also offer computer video games, virtual reality and video recordings of all kinds. CD-ROMS (standing for compact disc, read only memory) offer flexible and easy access to very large store of information, by way of computer-readable discs (MacQuail, D., 1997). In general, the new media have bridged differences both between media and also between public and private definitions of communication activities. The Internet communication takes many forms, from World Wide Web pages operated by major news organizations to Usenet group discussing folk music to E-mail message among colleagues and friends. The Internet’s communication forms can be understood as a continuum. Each point in the traditional model of the communication process can, in fact, vary from one to a few to many on the Internet. Production, for example, need no longer be concentrated in large centrally located organizations (typical of film and television), nor so centrally controlled. The sources of the message can range from one person in E-mail communication, to a social group in a Listserv or Usenet group, to a group of professional journalists in a World Wide Web page. The message themselves can be traditional journalistic news stories created by a reporter and editor, stories created over a long period of time by many people, or simply conversations, such as in an Internet Relay Chat group. The receivers, or the audiences, of the message can also number from one to a potential millions, and may or may not move fluidly from their role as audience members to producers of message (Morris, Organ, 1996).

What distinguish the telematic media is:

• Computer-based technologies
• Hybrid, flexible character
• Interactive potential
• Private and public functions
• Low degree of regulation
• Interconnectedness (MacQuail, D., 1997p.22).